Q One of my phalaenopsis plants is developing keikis on an old flower stem. When and how do I remove them? There are no roots as yet but the largest of the keikis has a leaf approximately three inches long

A  Wait until roots appear and are an inch or two long. You can also expedite matters by taking a small handful of moist sphagnum moss and, using a thin household film, wrap it over the moss and around the joint between the keiki and the old flower stem. When you cut the plant-let off, be sure to use a sterile cutting tool, such as a single-edge razor blade or scissors. Leave several inches of the old stem attached to the keiki to help secure the plant-let in its new container.  — Andy Easton.